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Female in Evolution: Hunter/Foragers Q&A

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The Leakey Foundation

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Partner:: Leakey Foundation
Location:: California Academy of Sciences
San Francisco, CA
Event Date:: 04.28.12
Speakers:: Rebecca Bliege Bird,; Kristen Hawkes,; Brooke Scelza
Tags:: female; community; family

Summary: A question and answer session of the hunter/forager presentations.

Bio

Rebecca Bliege Bird

Dr. Rebecca Bliege Bird is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at Stanford University. She is an ecological anthropologist interested in the socioecology of subsistence in small scale societies. Dr. Bird pursues such topics as the gender division of labor in hunting and gathering, cooperation, costly signaling, indigenous conservation/land management, and fire ecology. She's currently involved in a long-term ethnographic and ecological research project with Martu people in Australia's Western Desert.

Kristen Hawkes

Kristen Hawkes is Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the University of Utah. Her ethnographic projects with hunter-gatherers investigate sex and age differences in foraging strategies to improve hypotheses about human evolution. The importance of grandmothers' help for youngsters when their mothers have newborns focused her attention on the evolution of human longevity, and prompted continuing comparisons of human and chimpanzee life history. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Scientific Executive Committee of the Leakey Foundation.

Brooke Scelza

Dr. Brooke Scelza is an assistant professor at UCLA. A human behavioral ecologist, Dr. Scelza is interested in understanding the adaptive nature of behavior as a function of local socioecological context. Her research focuses mainly on questions related to reproductive decision-making and parental investment, and on understanding the social environment as a critical influence on how people negotiate life history trade-offs. She is currently conducting fieldwork with the Himba, a group of semi-nomadic pastoralists living in northwest Namibia.

Chapters

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21 min 48 sec

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01.: Modern Technology in Hunting and Gathering

03 min 35 sec

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02.: Work of Grandmothers

02 min 05 sec

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03.: Selective Advantages of Grandmother Caretakers

02 min 34 sec

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04.: Difference Between Past and Present Foraging

06 min 02 sec

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05.: Gender Differences and Fire

02 min 01 sec

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06.: Changes in Endocrine System

03 min 31 sec

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07.: Hunting for More than Food

01 min 57 sec

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21 min 48 sec

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Aboriginal Women: Tradition Trumps Technology

02 min 40 sec

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Dr. Rebecca Bliege Bird, Associate Professor of Anthropology at Stanford University, explains that use of rifles and cars by Aboriginal males has not increased their hunting output. According to Bird, women still account for 68 percent of production.
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21 min 48 sec

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Encyclopædia Britannica Article

human evolution: Evolution of modern human beings from extinct nonhuman and humanlike forms. Genetic evidence points to an evolutionary divergence between the lineages of humans and the great apes on the African continent 8–5 million years ago (mya). The earliest fossils considered to be remains of hominins (members of the human lineage) date to at least 4 mya in Africa; they include the genus Australopithecus and other forms. The next major evolutionary stage, Homo habilis, inhabited sub-Saharan Africa about 2–1.5 mya. Homo habilis appears to have been supplanted by a taller and more humanlike species, Homo erectus, which lived from c. 1,700,000 to 200,000 years ago, gradually migrating into Asia and parts of Europe. Between c. 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, Homo heidelbergensis, sometimes called archaic Homo sapiens, lived in Africa, Europe, and perhaps parts of Asia. Having features resembling those of both H. erectus and modern humans, H. heidelbergensis may have been an ancestor of modern humans and also of the Neanderthals (H. neanderthalensis), who inhabited Europe and western Asia from c. 200,000 to 28,000 years ago. Fully modern humans (H. sapiens) seem to have emerged in Africa only c. 150,000 years ago, perhaps having descended directly from H. erectus or from an intermediate species such as H. heidelbergensis.; human evolution on britannica.com