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William J. Clancey: Voyages of Scientific Discovery

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Commonwealth Club of California

Commonwealth Club

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Partner:: Commonwealth Club
Location:: SF Club Office
San Francisco, CA
Event Date:: 02.27.12
Speaker:: William J. Clancey
Tags:: mars; nasa; space exploration; exploration

Summary: Voyages of scientific discovery: for more than eight years, scientists have been doing fieldwork on Mars, the first overland investigation of another planet. Working through programmed robotic laboratories, called the Mars Exploration Rovers, they have a virtual experience of being on Mars. The Spirit and Opportunity teams have driven over 25 miles, taken thousands of photographs, analyzed the chemistry of the terrain, and inspected rocks by grinding them and taking microscopic images. How does working remotely through a robotic laboratory change the nature of field science? How does it change the scientists? A cognitive scientist with privileged access to mission operations, Clancey explains that the “robotic geologists” are not the rovers, but the scientists who have imaginatively projected themselves into the body of the machine."

Bio

William J. Clancey

Dr. William J. Clancey is Chief Scientist for Human-Centered Computing at NASA Ames Research Center, Computational Sciences Division, where he manages the Work Systems Design & Evaluation Group. He is on leave from the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola.

Clancey's research includes work practice modeling, distributed multiagent systems, and the ethnography of field science. Projects in his group include participation in MER mission operations, simulation of a day-in-the-life of the ISS, knowledge management for future launch vehicles, and developing flight systems that make automation more transparent.

Clancey has degrees in Mathematical Sciences (BA, Rice University, 1974) and Computer Science (PhD, Stanford University, 1979). At the Knowledge Systems Laboratory of Stanford University (1974-1987), Clancey developed some of the earliest artificial intelligence programs for explanation, the critiquing method of consultation, tutorial discourse, and student modeling. Prior to joining NASA, he was a founding member of the Institute for Research on Learning (1987-1997) where he co-developed the methods of business anthropology in corporate environments.

Chapters

: Watch Full Program

01 hr 01 min 12 sec

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01.: Introduction

03 min 50 sec

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02.: William Clancey's Opening Remarks

00 min 57 sec

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03.: Robots and Rovers in Space

02 min 32 sec

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04.: Mars Exploration Rover (MER): The Exploration of Mars

01 min 44 sec

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05.: Twin Rover Missions: Spirit and Opportunity

02 min 54 sec

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06.: Comparison Between Field Science on Mars and Earth

02 min 49 sec

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07.: Being "Virtually Present" on Mars

04 min 14 sec

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08.: MER Team Cohension

04 min 13 sec

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09.: The Rover Becoming the Hero of the Story

03 min 48 sec

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10.: Roles of People and Robots in Mars Exploration

05 min 30 sec

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11.: Ascribing Agency in the Human vs. Robot Debate

01 min 57 sec

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12.: Relating to the Perspectives of the Mars Rover

04 min 46 sec

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13.: The MER Team Synergy and Identifying with the Rover

04 min 09 sec

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14.: The Legacy of the MER Program

02 min 09 sec

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15.: Audience Questions

00 min 48 sec

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16.: Q1: Talk About Giving Rovers More Human Names?

01 min 05 sec

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17.: Q2: How MER Team Settled Disagreements?

02 min 28 sec

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18.: Q3: Projections for Missions to Extend for Years?

02 min 11 sec

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19.: Q4: MER and Structure that Extend to Human Nature?

02 min 10 sec

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20.: Q5: Rovers and Female Gender Designation?

01 min 26 sec

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21.: Q6: Mechanism for Trouble Shooting on Mars?

01 min 29 sec

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22.: Q7: Staff Issues When Program Extended Past 90 Days?

01 min 48 sec

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23.: Q8: Contrast of Emotion in the Robots and People?

01 min 53 sec

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24.: Conclusion

00 min 21 sec

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: Watch Full Program

01 hr 01 min 12 sec

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Spirit and Opportunity: Roving Mars' Landscape

02 min 25 sec

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William J. Clancey, Chief Scientist of Human-Centered Computing at the Intelligent Systems Division of the NASA Ames Center, talks about the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) program. Adjusting to Mars' atmosphere, Clancey shares that the two teams controlling separate rovers even adopted Mars' time schedule.
Curiosity and the Legacy of the Mars Rover Program

02 min 18 sec

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William J. Clancey, Chief Scientist of Human-Centered Computing at the Intelligent Systems Division of the NASA Ames Center, discusses the lessons learned from the Mars Exploration Rovers "Spirit" and "Opportunity", and offers predictions for their latest rover, "Curiosity".
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01 hr 01 min 12 sec

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Encyclopædia Britannica Article

Mars: Fourth planet from the Sun, named after the Roman god of war. Its mean distance from the Sun is 228 million km (142 million mi). Its day is 24 hours 37 minutes and its year about 687 Earth days. It has two small moons, Phobos and Deimos. Mars's equatorial diameter is 3,396 km (2,110 mi), about half that of Earth. Its mass is about one-tenth of Earth's and its surface gravity about one-third as strong. No magnetic field has been detected on Mars, suggesting, as does its low density, the absence of a substantial metallic core. Like Earth, it has seasons and an atmosphere, but its average daytime surface temperature is only -10 °F (-20 °C). Mars's thin atmosphere is mainly carbon dioxide, with some nitrogen and argon and traces of water vapour. Spacecraft images show a cratered surface, with volcanoes, lava plains, flood channels, and canyons, many large by Earth standards; Olympus Mons, for example, is the largest known volcano in the solar system. Wind is an important element on Mars, sculpting features such as dunes and occasionally causing global dust storms. In the distant past Mars appears to have had a denser, warmer atmosphere and much more water than at present. Images from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft suggest that some liquid water may have flowed near the planet's surface in relatively recent times. No life has been detected on the planet.; Mars on britannica.com