Bio
Marja Makarow
Professor Marja Makarow is Chief Executive of the European Science Foundation.
Lord Martin Rees
Martin Rees is Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics and Master of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. He holds the honorary title of Astronomer Royal and also Visiting Professor at Imperial College London and at Leicester University.
After studying at the University of Cambridge, he held post-doctoral positions in the UK and the USA, before becoming a professor at Sussex University. In 1973, he became a fellow of King's College and Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge (continuing in the latter post until 1991) and served for ten years as director of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy. From 1992 to 2003 he was a Royal Society Research Professor. He was president of the Royal Society between 2005 and 2010 and Member of Council of the Royal Institution of Great Britain until 2010. In 2011, he was awarded the Templeton Prize.
David Willetts
The Rt Hon David Willetts MP is Minister of State for Universities and Science at the UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.
Encyclopædia Britannica Article
- research and development (R&D)
In industry, two closely related processes by which new products and new forms of old products are created through technological innovation. The work generally focuses on two types of research, basic and applied. Basic research is directed toward a generalized goal (e.g., genetic research in a pharmaceutical laboratory). Applied research directs the results of basic research toward the needs of a specific industry and results in the development of new or modified products or processes. In addition to carrying out basic and applied research and developing models, R&D staff may evaluate the efficiency and cost of the product.
- research and development (R&D) on britannica.com
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