San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom: Cities and Time

Good evening. I am Stewart Brand from the Long Now Foundation. That is a long walk over here. I will say it right at the start that Mayor Newsom is a fan of Twitter and so, questions that come in via Twitter will be sorted by his staff and us and the really good ones will make it up to the stage. You will Twitter him at: GavinNewsom (spells out). Two other announcements: Basically, one, as usual when we are here at the Cowell Theater, there is a reception at the Long Now Foundation office, shop, museum, and party pad, just over there. I should mention that the next speaker, Michael Pollan, will not be here but will be at the Herbst Theater, downtown in the Civic Center on May 5th. Mayors are the most powerful politicians in America, right up there with county supervisors and that may be one of the reasons that of all the political entities in America, cities pay the most attention to each other and learn the most from each other. It is helpful if you have a young mayor who is still learning. It is helpful if you have a mayor who likes to travel and it is helpful if you have a mayor who can tell you the things he has been learning which we will get tonight, Gavin Newsom. Thanks, Stewart. Thank you, thank you all. Thanks. I hope that, I was young when I started but I am not so young anymore. Anyway, let us do it. Thank you very much for the opportunity to be here and I thank all of you for taking the time to be here today and if I sound a little more exhausted than normal, it is because I started my day about 2:30 this morning. I was out in Washington, D.C. and got up to catch an early flight. I was last night, or rather yesterday, at a conference in Washington, D.C. and I had the great privilege and pleasure to get on stage and debate the future of the car industry and the future of GM and Chrysler. Little that I know that the audience was primarily lobbyists from GM and my comments apparently, they did not go over that well which made me feel very good about what I had to say. So I may find myself talking a little bit more about that because it does, I think, like in the contexts, comments that I wanted to make tonight and then Stewart is going to come up and we will have a chance to do a Q&A but I do want to focus on the issue of sustainability as appropriate in the contexts of what brings you together here for this series of conversations and in that contexts, try to drill down the issues of sustainability and environmental framework and talk a little bit about what we are doing in the context of the words Stewart just advanced as it relates to what I have seen happening across, not only in the rest of the United States, but around the world. If you can come back just briefly to 2005, San Francisco hosted a conference. It was first of its kind; 2005 marked the 60th anniversary, the founding of the United Nations, here in the city and county of San Francisco. It also marked the fact that the United Nations for the first time in U.S. history decided to have its World Environment Day in the United States of America. It was not easy to find the U.N. and to peak its interest in environmental stewardship in the last decade or so but they thought the anchor of the 60th anniversary would compel them to consider, at least San Francisco in the context of convening the World Environment Day. We challenged them to think differently about the World Environment Day and rather than just hosting an afternoon session, we said if we can host a series of discussions, in fact hundreds of discussions over the course of the week, we think it could have some impact. We invited mayors from around the world. In fact, over 120 mayors from every continent imaginable flew out to the city and county of San Francisco for this one week of exchange in ideas. Al Gore himself showed up at U.N., rather showed up in Union Square and showed his video. For the first time, many people had heard about the slide show and the video but no one had seen it and he unveiled it there to a few hundred folks and we started to really frame a new consciousness in the environmental movement. Again, 2004, 2005, things tipped dramatically. It was not that long ago that we were still debating, though some still are, but we were significantly debating the issue of global warming and climate change and our consciousness was really beginning to evolve. We had the opportunity to set forth principles, what we called accords and we sat down and we try to hammer this on. You can imagine 120 mayors from around the world, it is not easy to agree on a set of policy principles, but we ultimately agreed on 21 policy principles and the reason we thought it was appropriate to have mayors and the reason that the U.N. agreed to invite mayors was, for Stewart, it is self-evident and I hope to many of you, self-evident and to me, was rather important because it was less self-evident at that time and that was 2005 also marked and again people have disagreed if it was 2004 or some have said it was really 2006, 2007 but we also celebrated a milestone of sort and the U.N. advanced it at that conference, that for the first time in human history, more people in the planet are living in urban centers and cities than in rural and suburban areas; that we had hit that point for the first time in human history, now more people living in cities. A million to a million and a half people every single week moving into urban centers. This is mass urbanization. Hundreds and millions of people will be moving into cities just in China alone and India and other parts of the globe; that the fact that the majority of the Earth’s population was there was significant but even more significant is we also marked the fact that in 2005, already that 50 or so percent of mankind was consuming in those cities about 75% of all of the Earth’s natural resources and polluting the Earth by an equivalent amount. Those numbers only are going to grow. And so, it marked a revelation for me and a consciousness for me that if we are going to get serious about the environment, you are going to get serious about sustainability, you have got to look at the environment very differently than the way I looked at it when I was raised here in San Francisco, where my father used to take me on trips to the Tuolumne River and that is what I thought was the environment when he was working for friends at the Tuolumne River or when we went out and did photographic work to save the mountain lions which he was very passionate, down at Hunter Liggett, another place in this great state. That was to me the environment or going up to the Redwoods was the environment. The idea that now the environment was in urban setting challenged a lot of us and as a consequence of those accords in that consciousness, everything now I am focused on, almost exclusively, not everything, almost exclusively, is now the notion of environmentalism in an urban setting and changing the consciousness around what we consume, how we consume and what we distribute or what we throw away and what we waste and the like; and so we set forth after 2005, some very ambitious goals. Now, San Francisco has always been a leader on so many issues and the environment was no exception but the bar was pretty low. We have done some good things but we hardly were in the vanguard of environmental stewardship internationally. In the United States, arguably we were certainly in the top tier but we were not doing as much as we should be; and so we set fort a strategy what we called San Francisco Forward to get very, very serious and as a consequence, we have made a lot of progress. Again, the bar is a little higher but I still argue, remarkably and relatively low. Here is what we have done and here is what we are doing and here is, I think, how it relates to the conversation hopefully we will have this evening. We set forth some very ambitious goals to dramatically look at out renewable energy portfolio to begin to look at where our energy consumption was coming from, be it transportation sector, be it the building sector. We looked at our waste distribution in terms of recycling rates. We started looking at public transit versus private vehicles and the like and we started making a series of policy advancements that today include the following, the most aggressive green building standards of any city in the United States of America. You want to build a private construction. You want to build anything in San Francisco, you have got to meet LEED certifications. Most cities, many cities in fact San Francisco is one of the first require that from municipal purchase or rather municipal building. So, for example, we build a recreation center, it has got to meet LEED certification. Now, we are requiring anyone that builds any new home or new office or any commercial or industrial building in San Francisco to meet those same LEED certifications. It goes up to LEED gold in just a few years. We got very aggressive as it relates to bio-diesel and trying to get out of the diesel business and we converted our entire diesel fleet into bio-diesel. In fact, we not only did it for public transit and people movers at the zoo but we finally got public safety involved in this. We have fire engines running on bio-diesel. We have ambulances running on bio-diesel. We do not know of another city in the United States that has now advanced as comprehensively that strategy. We generate a lot of that bio-diesel through a grease cycle program, fats, oils and grease. We actually pick up fats, oils, and grease from restaurants and from universities and some large companies in the Bay Area and we pick up those fats, oils, and grease and we recycle them and we put them back into this what we call grease cycle program which we also think is a model for the rest of the country. We reached much deeper in terms of our recycling strategies and finally reached what is, a number that we never thought imaginable, 1996 with 35% recycling which by the way was pretty good. Few people had ever seen 50% anywhere in the world and here we were we had some ambitious goals to get to 70% and we finally hit that last year. The highest recycling rates anywhere in the United States of America and we well on our way to hit 75%, we hope by the end of next year. That is why we got aggressive about Styrofoam take-out containers and ban them. That is why we got aggressive obviously. Jared Blumenfeld who came up with this idea when he visited, Stewart to your point, and my head of the Department of Environment when he visited Ireland, came up with the idea of the plastic bags which ultimately was advanced by Ross Mirkarimi at the Board of Supervisors. The original idea was just to charge for the bags and ultimately, that failed and the negotiation with the Grocers Association. They passed some legislation behind our backs to preempt cities from putting forward a fee and as a consequence, we decided just to ban them outright in reaction to their audacious act. We do not deal well with lobbyists and say, our lobbyists do not do well with us in San Francisco but we usually always do the opposite. The lobbyist shows up and I remind them it is over. We also went after water bottles, billion of them a year end up in our waste stream. We believe they, based, no one has been around to prove it but again, it is 10,000 years to what, everything is 10,000 years, these water bottles apparently take 10,000 years to biodegrade. A billion of them a year in California alone end up in our landfills and I do not know, you are smart people, the idea that you buy Aquafina and Dasani, it is tap water. It is Coke and Pepsi that are in the business of tap water and they actually put it in bottles and then they charge you five to ten to fifteen thousands more for that same liter water than it would cost you if you just turn on your tap and the insidious part of it is that water once it is put in their bottle is not as regulated as the water that is in you tap. So our water is safer than the water you are getting in a water bottle yet I know many of you were driving over here drinking out of one of those water bottles because we are just so convenient and we are so convinced that somehow, or it is may be it is not the water coming from Hetch Hetchy but it is my pipes from my old apartment and that is the reason I need to do it. There are other strategies perhaps we can talk about that later, but that is why we got so aggressive on those areas, all part of our recycling and the consciousness around that. We got very aggressive about solar as well. When you go around the world, you will realize we are not doing much on solar at all and when you have a country like Germany doing more, then the United States on solar something is absolutely wrong particularly a city like Berlin that does more per capita than any other city in the world. Then, I do not know if any of you have been to Berlin, I do not think they have seen the sun in the last two decades in Berlin. It was siding rumored in the early 1980s yet they are doing more in photovoltaics than anyone and so in San Francisco, we decided to raise the bar and we have now the most aggressive rebate strategy, local rebate solar program of its type anywhere in the United States of America and we also have the largest municipally owned solar program anywhere in the United States which bar is here. We are going to raise it even further next month. Actually in two months, we will be doing a new installation that is going to be even bigger than the Moscone Center installation down at the Sunset Reservoir, this extraordinary installation that will raise again the level of consciousness around solar. We have seen, by the way, almost a 400% increase in backyard solar installation since our incentive program just nine or so months ago. It has been a phenomenal success and I encourage all of you to participate in this program. We have also been very aggressive as it relates to this electric vehicle strategy and again, that was my comments and the reflection of my comments with General Motors. GM came out today with, guess what? Their new SUV. You think, I think, I was making that up. They came out with their new SUV. Is it any wonder that Obama representing the largest shareholder now in GM, the American people would say and I think it is absolutely appropriate as a shareholder, you should have shareholder rights say, with all due respect, Mr. Wagoner, it is time for change was not just a tag line in the campaign and we need to move in a different direction because the proposal and I read the plan. Jennifer Granholm was none too pleased, the Michigan governor, I think she is spectacular by the way and I appreciate, she is in a tough position as governor of Michigan; she was not too pleased either with my comments and Jennifer said, "Well, no one, none of these politicians that are criticizing GM or Chrysler have read the plans." So I made sure before I got in to the seminar to read the plan and I read it and by the way, I do not know if you knew this, in the plan, it does not just talk about your money to bail them out, it talks about foreign governments doing the same and six-plus billion dollars they are counting on from other countries. That is in their plan and they are very proud of noting that in their plan by 2012, they are committing to have fourteen different models of hybrids and you will say, that is pretty good until you think for a moment, wait a second, hybrids came out in 1900 in '96 and 1997. That is yesterday's technology. That is hardly tomorrow's technology. That is not game-changing technology. It is the oldest adage in the world. I think it was Michelangelo who said it. It says, the biggest risk is not that you aim too high and miss it. It is that you aim too low and reach it. And those were the plans right now, the Big Three and certainly, GM and Chrysler. You saw the same week that that change was made, GM, that in the front page appropriately of the New York Times was the announcement that China is moving forward with an aggressive not hybrid strategy but plug in hybrid strategy to electrify their fleet which should have put shivers in all of our backs because the reality is that is the game-changing technology, is electrifying the vehicle fleet. That is the opportunity to truly promote real energy independence and to get serious about what that means from the environmental perspective, from foreign policy and from a domestic perspective in terms of the jobs that we are all promoting, jobs in the future in this green tech sector. Plug-in hybrids. So what is San Francisco doing? We want to be the epicenter. We want to be the world’s headquarters for electric vehicles. I happen to think plug-in hybrids are the game changers, the real game changer is full electric. That is something that I have been promoting for years and I have walked my talk. I was one of those people that had the original electric vehicle from Saturn which was GM that they recalled, the EV1 and they destroyed the technology. By the way, it is the same guy was fired that destroyed that technology and they instead invested in more minivans and SUVs and heavier trucks where they did not have to meet those CAFE standards, those Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency standards, so they will have a bigger profit margin and perversely because of the lobbyists and because of our fabled politicians, not just Republicans, Democrats representing Michigan, we allowed this to happen and so we are our own worst enemy. We have not necessarily seen GM come up with anything particularly exciting since that old technology which was tomorrow's technology that they are still today not arguing for remarkably. They are rhetorically discussing but they are not advancing in any meaningful way. So we want to be front and center and so what we have done is we are building out an ubiquitous infrastructure and you say, well electric vehicles are great but you are having two reservations. If the electricity comes from coal, that is terrible. And, you are just substituting one horrible thing for another horrible thing and we will talk about that and that is totally legit. The second argument is range. You know, I got kids and need a bigger car and we go out to Lake Tahoe periodically and I can go one way but I am not sure I can get back. So we need an infrastructure and so we are addressing both this way. We will start with the latter not the former. Range is a limiting challenge with your car, the one you probably drove her tonight. You have to have gas, you actually have to go and get your tank filled up. If you do not you are stranded in the middle of the street, and that has happed probably to most of us in this room. No different that an electric vehicle. So you have come to accept we got about a 169 gas stations all across the United States of America that one is going to be within proximity to the another, or at least within a range that can get you where you want to go, from not only points all across the bay area, north and south… Southern California, but across this country. That is the idea for electric vehicles to build out instead of gas stations, switch stations, where you can do exactly what you do with your cellphone, when you get a new battery, you can flip that battery out, replace it with a brand new battery in less time than it takes to fill up a tank of gas. True convenience, now the range issue, is dramatically addressed or you can look at the whole idea of a car, like you look at your cellphone. And you say what does that mean? Well, first of all I do not know that any of you even know how long your cellphone takes to recharge, because most of you do it at night. Same idea would be with your car. Which fully recharge and then incidentally, it would be recharging when you have the lightest load. So it levels out the load. And that is a light load with a higher renewable portfolio in those off peak hours. That is for the out part of my commentary. But what is an extraordinary opportunity and this is not just… idle speculation, this is happening, it is happening in Israel. It will be happening in Denmark, it would be happening in Australia, and Portugal, and I hope it would be happening out here in our own backyard in Northern California is to look at the car like you do your cellphone for a different reason. You buy minutes, you buy plans, you get prepaid cards, maybe for your kids, you do not want them to have unlimited plans, you have restrictive plans. Imagine looking at a vehicle like you do your cellphone. And instead of buying minutes, you buy miles, you separate the idea same thing with the phone companies have done. The actual phone is nothing, they are giving those phones away, the hardware, it has really become a software strategy. Same idea presents itself if we re-imagine the car industry and look at it accordingly. Separate the battery and the energy i.e. electricity from the actually physical car, how people build cars and have a strategy for software, strategy for electricity, for the oil in this case, as the alternative and buy miles instead of buying minutes. That is what a company called a better place is promoting, and that is what they are doing with Shimon Perez in Israel as we speak. That is what they are doing in just a few weeks, in Japan when they are building out that first switch station, that I talked about that will be in commercial production. This is an opportunity completely rethink this industry and this is what is missing completely at GM and Chrysler and the big three right now. But this is what is happening out here in California, state of dreamers and doers, of entrepreneurs of innovators, always on the leading and cutting edge of new ideas. Tesla motor, zero to 60 in 4 seconds completely green, 100% electric, vehicle company. Out here in the south bay, it is happening as we speak completely allowing you to re-imagine what the old electric vehicle should be about, it is not about performance people say. Now, you have car that performs higher clip than even a new Ferrari or Porsche in terms of how quick and efficient is… with half the moving parts. So it does not have to be maintained as much or as significantly much more efficient because it has half the moving parts. Electricity where does it come from, well in San Francisco we built out some charging stations, you can go to our garages, you are going to be going a lot more places in the next few years, we want to build out tens of thousands of charging stations throughout our city. I want you to ultimately go to a parking meter, and rather than just paying more for your parking meter, you may get a little more. In this case, and that is you can plug in to that parking meter. We are going to be rolling out 25% of all our parking meters in San Francisco we are moving away from those ugly poles, and we are getting rid of them and we are going to have boxes and we are going to be the first city with congestion pricing strategies for parking and new technology where you can actually have sensors underneath the parking space and when the car is there you will know on your PDA or your home computer or when the car is not there, you will know that that space is available and you will actually be able to check it ahead of time and we will price it based upon strategy of congestion, so the more expensive to part during peek time much less expensive off peak time, in order to encourage that off peak opportunity to spend more and to level out that demand model, 25% of them we are starting this year. It is called SFPark but we want to incorporate a strategy as well, so you cloud plug in to some of this, parking meters. The good thing from San Francisco is all our municipal energy is completely green and renewable come from the Hetch Hetchy, it might not have been my first choice, back at the turn of the century, the dam, the beautiful part of Yosemite Valley, but it was done and we have been taking advantage of it. All our municipal load, all our lights in the city, are run off that, about 96% to be precise. So every time you park in a garage and you take advantage of that plug in one of our municipal garages that is green energy, that is not coal. 50% of electricity in the United States comes from coal, about 19% comes from natural gas, 19% comes from nuclear, about 9% comes from hydro, wind, and solar and 3% still remarkable of electricity comes from oil. So the more we increase that mix, then we will substantially decrease obviously, the negative side of using electricity that does not come from a renewable source, the opportunity though is with baseline renewable standards as California has advanced, where we are currently at 12% of our energy portfolio is renewable, we are going up to 33% by 2020. We are going to substantially improve that mix and substantially reduce greenhouse gas emission accordingly. One point though of good news, even if you use coal generated electricity, it is more efficient than using oil, because of the point I just made. The efficiency of electric vehicles is dramatic compared to combustion engines. Less moving parts, so that efficiency even on a equivalency of coal versus oil. You have a lower amount of greenhouse gas emission, or specifically carbon dioxide that is being omitted in that electric vehicle. Something else that is a myth that somehow they are equivalent, they are not, because the efficiency again of our electric vehicle. So, even at the worse case scenario, we are doing better in terms of the environment. These are just some areas on the environment that I wanted to advance with the purpose perhaps of a dialogue with Stewart and all of you this evening. That at least enliven my senses and motivate me and have gotten me to believe we can do more and better, quickly what does that mean, we are about to require composting, only big cities in the United States of America to do that. We gotten very serious in we can have Michael Pollan in here, which is spectacular, he is one of my heroes in Alice waters where I put that big… remember that victory garden. We put a big vegetable garden in front of city hall, now you are seeing, folks in Washington DC and Michelle Obama – first lady Obama doing one, and now you got Maria Shriver doing one up in Sacramento I remember when we put our garden and Willy Brown Chastised me and said, you are going to have cows and horses next out there. Missing the point that this was about raising the environmental consciousness about what we eat and where we get the food. You are going to get home tonight, and the chances are that the average plate in this maybe… this certainly is not an average audience, but in San Francisco, the average consumed meal tonight would probably have traveled some 1,400 miles to the plate. Yet 80% of everything we need is, produced within a hundred square mile radius of that Golden Grate Bridge. How does that make sense, the most vibrant agricultural region, arguably anywhere in the world and we are fresh… well we are freezing things, fresh frozen sending them overseas to process to have them come back at the Marina Safeway. It makes no sense whatsoever. And so we are really trying to challenge people about this urban rural connection in terms of agriculture and food, and so, we have, all new food strategies it is all part of our healthcare strategy. As you know we are the only city in the United States of America with a universal healthcare plan that is actually implemented for 64% of people, comprehensive universal healthcare and now we are focusing on investing in people’s health as opposed to treating their sickness, which means we are focusing on what they eat, their wellness in their exercise, what they are drinking, and that is not just alcohol, that is big gulps in the morning, like 4-year-olds are drinking and that is why we have this obesity numbers that came out for 4-year-olds yesterday. Which should have stopped all the presses as well. Which are of course increasing healthcare cost for all of you. Type II diabetes, and all of these chronic diseases because of that eating and drinking problems. So that is another big focus in the carbon footprint associated with food and how it travels and how it is manufactured and how it is produced. It is another area of this environmental consciousness for a sustainable city, that we are also arguing for and also advancing. And we are also and just I'll close and bring Stewart up, and we can talk about all kinds of other topics that I think are pertinent to a sustainable city. But because we are here, I think it is important to know, we spend about 4 years on this. Five miles off the coast of ocean beach, in a few years, you are going to have the first commercial scaled wave generation project, or generating project in California's history, the vision and ideas to get rid of those 33 polluting oil platforms, now this maybe a little audacious but I like it nonetheless. And replace them with wave-generating platforms and harness mother nature’s extraordinary energy. She has just been waiting for us, all of this millennia, saying what is wrong with you people, you are drilling to take out things that have been sequestered and are safe, and now you are destroying your planet, when here I am every single day providing everything you need. Five miles off the coast wave-generating platform finally got our permit and after years and years of studies and we want to be the first big commercial application of that new technology and second, right below the Golden Gate Bridge, in fact the study show it is on the northern part this new Doppler radar strategy. Take an inverted wind farm or rather take idea of a wind farm and put it under water and now harness all the energy in that tidal flow, think about the mouth of the Golden Gate the bay, it is relatively small, you got this great energy that comes in and out 24/7. All of that dense energy being wasted again. You have the opportunity to do what has been done in other countries around the world and that is to harness that energy flow by bringing in these wind turbines and they are not really wind turbines but that is kind of idea and bringing them in underwater. So, we have been spending years on this one, this one become more complicated, a lot of environment concerns to be a big turbines, plankton coming in and seals and sea lions and who knows what else getting sucked up and consumed and working through all of those issues, but we also want to be front and center on all of that. So again, those are things just for the past, and the present and I think a more sustainable and enlivening future, final point on this… this thing, the opportunity is self evident… probably all of you know by now have heard of Van Jones. Van showed up, he is now the advisor for Obama, he started his organization called green for all, number of years ago. He started it at the World Environment Day in 2005. He just had a separate conference, because he said, I remember him yelling and screaming at me saying, hey all you guys look like you. I said what do you mean look like me. He said, you are all white, environmental movement is just too white. He did not literally say this, but he implied them. He was not wrong, it is true, this whole environmental movement all these years it is… certain group of folks, and he is making the case, what about all of us? And he held this little side meeting, he was down there, I think it was… it was in fact, I remember it is at the Sony Metreon, it is the only room he can get. And he had this remarkable conference, and this discussion probably about 70 people they want a huge crowd. And he started talking about twinning the opportunity to deal with environmental justice, social justice broadly speaking incoming equality in which at time it grown acutely under the Bush Administration. And to start twinning the opportunities to create real green collar jobs. And that is when Green For All and this organization really started to take shape. And here he is now advising President Obama just a few years later wrote this really wonderful book, which I encourage you to pick up where he really lays out a blueprint, to deal not just with one issue, the environment, not just deal with two issues, jobs and economy. But to deal with that big third, and that is locking people in to this new sustainable future that have been locked out of the old industrial past. And making sure we reconcile the issue of race and relationship to environment. Four out of five toxic waste dumps primarily in African-American communities, asthma rates here we are in the 94123 this zip code asthma rates are literally 8 times higher, in the Bayview-Hunter's Point when we are sitting here today in the same city. Where you have two polluting power plants, now one because we shut down Bay View Hunter's Point plant we are still trying to work to get Potrero plant torn down. That is a serious issue, and this is the great opportunity of this environmental movement is to twin these issues in a substantive ways. So green collar jobs, these jobs that we talk a lot about. This is also extraordinarily important, I will just note this. When we did our solar program, we did it with this in mind. If you want to do solar, you get $2000 from the city, just right off the bat. If you want to do solar and you want more money from the city, then you have the opportunity to hire from one of our workforce training programs. And we will give you $3000, but if you wanted to even get more, hire from one of our workforce training programs from employees that lived in a certain zip code in San Francisco and we will get you in $4000. The whole idea of incentivising a focus and attention to address this issue in a substantive way. By the way the overwhelming majority of people are doing just that. They recognize the opportunity to do the right thing, it makes a lot of sense for them directly as well. And remember those rebates go up to $10,000… so I want you to think about that. As you leave tonight, for those of you that have not put solar or your landlord has not put solar up. Go on solarmapsf.org you could actually map your roof and we will have all of these incentives right there at the million solar roof initiative of the state, federal tax credits, everything you need to get it done, and then you say wait a second there is still a gap and I am barely holding on to my job, oh you wait 30 days, you will have the most aggressive Berkeley eat your out hat out, I love Tom Base what you have done. You aint see nothing yet. We are about to have the most expansive strategy to pay the delta and the difference and to put it on to your taxes, or rather put it on your property tax. Not just for solar, we are going to allow you to finance. Without a dollar out of pocket and amortize over the life of your loans, the ability to do energy efficiency all kinds of weatherization, boiler replacements, ideal shower heads, and toilets as well as solar. This is the next very exciting part, and then linked again, those dollars in to these workforce training, green collar job focus, environmental justice, social justice focus, again it is part of this new narrative of interdependence and all of these issue, which again I think is a big part of Stewart's passion and its purpose and its foundational beliefs that I think drive most of your passion in this room. So I hope those things, at least get you thinking, for the purpose of conversation tonight, I am very enthusiastic and I mean this with sincerity about the future, I think we are barely scratching the surface, I have great expectation that we could continue to do more and do better, scale these things, they can be scaled, conversation has changed, people are experimenting all over the country, Sam Addams who is the new mayor of Portland just announced a electric vehicle war against San Francisco, which was… New York Times picked up which is great, Bloomberg stole our taxicab idea, when he converted his cabs to greencabs, we did that a year prior, I announced it on local cable channel 26, that is probably why you did not hear it. He announced it on the Today show that is why you did. He has a got a bigger… he even… he is on the cover I was taking Amtrak from New York to DC and there is Bloomberg on the cover of the Amtrak Magazine and it is all about his new urban wind strategy, God is my witness, he stole that from us 3 months ago. We had a big piece about our urban wind taskforce and he announces he gets in the AP and in the article I said well what new idea does he have that we have not done. Well, it is just an idea, and they got a 10-page spread about this brilliant visionary mayor in Bloomberg. My point in only saying this is I am proud that he is doing it, and we are very excited that this competition is taking shape in the environment and it is a very healthy competition, and apparently Sam has raised the bar in Portland, and by the way and this is my final word Stewart. Portland is particularly distressing, because Portland every single year is the number one sustainable city in the United States. To San Francisco, five years in a row, second runner up, every year, San Francisco number 2, Portland number 1. So we are going after Portland, enough of Portland, you are from Portland, enough, give us a break, we do not want to be runner up forever. But again, it is all about raising the bar and raising consciousness and this is kind of race to the top not race to the bottom. And it is a very, very good thing, and that does tie in to those 120 mayors that sign this accords. Even the mayor Tehran, we have diplomatic relationships with Tehran going back years ago. Ironically, that these mayors are paying attention and they are holding themselves accountable, and they are in the frontlines of this, and that is why again, I express a lot of hope, and a lot of optimism and I really do think the best is yet to come. So thank you all very, very much.